Jerusalem – Old Testament Survey

Psalm 147

This marks the second of the five “Hallelujah Psalms” that close the book of Psalms. Each of these psalms begins and ends with “Hallelujah.”

What is the proper response to the majesty of creation? Praise to God. It’s not that He created all and left; He created all and sustains it for the express purpose of drawing our attention to Him (Colossians 1.16-18). Who alone can truly praise Him? Only those who call Him by Name.

I think we have confused praise with encouragement in our day. We are to praise the efforts of even those who do not do well. We should rephrase this to encourage those who have not done too well to continue toward excellence. We need to cease trivializing what true praise is. Again, is this demeaning of praise and attempt to take the glory from God that is due Him, to belittle what true praise is by praising that which is truly not praiseworthy?

What will God say to us, to you, to me, for what we have allowed to happen to praise? Those who know Him most should praise Him most. Declare your praise!

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Chris Tomlin – Indescribable

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1 Chronicles 21

It is wise for us to listen carefully to the voices that clamor for our attention. We should be asking if the voice is from God, Satan, the world, or our own sinful desires. We then need to take every thought captive and make sure that it is from God, which is when we choose to reject or accept it (2 Corinthians 10.4-5).

1 Chronicles 21 (Cf. 2 Samuel 24 and our study)

The variations between 1 Chronicles 21 and 2 Samuel 24 are few, but the few are intriguing. The outline would be the same for both chapters. God is angered at the sin of Israel (1-6), David’s realization of sin (7-17), and the telling of God to David to build the Temple (18-30). However, each section contains at least one variant in its presentation.

Verses 1-6-Satan is credited with leading David to count the men of fighting age. Here it is Satan, in 2 Samuel it is God, in both passages David is held responsible. This helps us to understand a few things about God’s sovereign control and man’s responsibility. God was going to judge Israel for their sin. I believe it was the continual syncretism of the nation. God allowed Satan to tempt David to do something that was against God’s will. David chose to do it. Satan cannot do anything without God’s approval. The book of Job displays this clearly (Job 1-2). We can neither blame God for our sin nor blame Satan. We are responsible for the choices we make.
Verses 7-17-David sees the angel who was to destroy Jerusalem and the elders prayed that God would stay His hand from destroying Jerusalem.
Verses 18-30-The acceptance of the sacrifice by David signified that God had accepted this as the new place of worship for Israel. This selection of Mt. Moriah as the place of worship for Israel can also be seen in the sacrifice David offered for his sin, the forgiveness God offered, and the answered prayers of the people.

The purchase in 2 Samuel of 50 shekels was for the threshing floor and the purchase in 1 Chronicles of six hundred shekels was for the entire property.

It was at this site, Mt. Moriah, that Abraham offered up Isaac (Genesis 22). Here is where the Temple will be built. It was here that Jesus would die (on the Mount not in the Temple). This will become the new center of worship for all Israel.

2 Samuel 5.1-10

Are you proclaiming the One who is greater than David, Jesus, as King of your life? If so, your faith and ability to do great things will increase. The more we lean on God and allow Him to rule our lives the greater our life will be primarily due to our living the life that He created for us to live. How strong are you today? What does your daily workout look like?

2 Samuel 5.1-10

Due to the method of this study, in that we are attempting to do a chronological study of the events of the Old Testament, we are studying the first ten verses of 2 Samuel 5. These verses coincide with 1 Chronicles 11.1-9. We will look at 1 Chronicles 11 next before we return to complete 2 Samuel 5. For the remainder of 2 Samuel and the books of the Kings, we will work with simultaneously with the Chronicles.

This chapter provides the third anointing of David being king. Here it is an anointing by all the tribes of Israel to be king over Israel. Second Samuel 2.4 points to the Southern tribes anointing David king over Judah. First Samuel 16.13 is the most important anointing given by Samuel prophetically proclaiming David to be the great and future king over all Israel. Verse two represents the people’s belief that Samuel’s anointing of David to be king over all Israel was indeed an act of God anointing David. The Israelites were obeying God’s will and proclaiming David the rightful king.

Hebron is an important city in the life of Israel. It is here the patriarchs, except for Rachel, were buried (Genesis 23.2; 25.9; 35.27-29; 49.29-33). It is one of the oldest cities in the world that is still in existence. The Cave of Machpelah is still there; however, it is covered by a mosque (background information from Jewish Virtual Library).

David is called in verse two a shepherd and a ruler (or prince). When this terminology is compared to Ezekiel 34.23-24, we see a comparison to the coming Messiah. David, then, is a type of Christ who is to come. More will be developed on this concept at a later date. The term “Messiah” means “anointed one.”

We see the years of David’s reign given in verse five. David reigned more than forty years, from the age of thirty (Jesus’ ministry began at thirty too) and he was king until he was in his seventies.

The Jebusites (those who dwelt in what is called Jerusalem today), were confident in their ability to defend their capital. They thought it was impenetrable (6). When a topographical map of the surrounding area is viewed, it is reasonable for the Jebusites to think that the city was impenetrable. The Jebusites held this territory since the days of Joshua (Joshua 15.63). This is one reason David sought the city. God gave the city to David and to Israel (10). Remember, with God all things are possible if He desires them for us.

David’s plan of attack seems to be an attack on the water system of Jerusalem. Later, King Hezekiah would use this as a means of defense (2 Chronicles 32.2-4).

The first mention of “Zion” found in the Bible is in verse seven.

As 2 Samuel 3.1 reminds us, David’s claim to be king grew greater than that of Saul; so, we see here in verse ten, that David became greater and greater because God was with him. Just as Saul became weaker because God had left him, so David became stronger because God was with him.

1 Samuel 18-19

A review of the regression of Saul seems appropriate here. He is chosen by God as a result of the disobedience of the people (1 Samuel 10, cf. Jeremiah 2 particularly verse 13 and Isaiah 50).

A review of the regression of Saul seems appropriate here. He is chosen by God as a result of the disobedience of the people (1 Samuel 10, cf. Jeremiah 2 particularly verse 13 and Isaiah 50). He receives the Holy Spirit temporarily. Remember that this is an Old Testament phenomenon. In the New Testament the Holy Spirit permanently indwells believers. After his willful rebellion against God, God replaces him with David (1 Samuel 16.13-14). The Spirit is removed from Saul and placed on David. This sets the stage for all that is to come through the rest of 1 Samuel. Our passage today begins in this milieu. David and Jonathan become great friends. Saul seems pleased with all that is occurring. The three of them battle the Philistines and are victorious. The people proclaim God’s work in and through both Saul and David. Saul becomes enraged, jealous, and seeks to kill David from that moment. He does not see God’s work but his. This returns us to the opening verses of 1 Samuel 17 where Saul is focused on himself, not God. When we focus on what we are doing and not on what God is doing, envy, jealousy, strife, anger, rage, etc. (Galatians 5.16-26) become our “fruit.” This is what happened with Saul.

God gives us over to our desires. Since Saul desired to disobey God and not walk in the Spirit, God gave him a spirit that was likened to his desires–an evil one. It is evidence here that Saul has gone crazy. The rest of his career is characterized by vengeance and violence against one who seeks Saul’s best. The remainder of Saul’s life is in pursuit of killing the one who refuses to kill him. What primary goal do you have in life? Is it pursuing your passions or God’s will? When we pursue our desires apart from God, we live insanely (reread Galatians 5.16ff). When we follow God’s will, we are blessed with the life we desire because we are in alignment with His will for us (Matthew 6.33 and 16.24-26).

We see Saul desiring to be part of David’s life in that he admired David’s accomplishments. But his desire to be number one consumed him and he demoted the one who was able to help him. Even in this demoted state, David grew in popularity, was successful, and even Saul stood in awe of him because David was walking in the power of the Holy Spirit.

This motif continues throughout this chapter and the rest of the book. Saul tries to defeat David with many snares, David is victorious, and Saul gets angrier. At times, although sad, it is comical. Think about someone you know that became angry and then began to act foolishly. This is Saul.

He thinks if he can trick David into wanting to marry any daughter of his that David will die by the hand of the Philistines. His logic, “I don’t want David as a son-in-law, but if I can get him to want to marry my daughter he will have to pay a dowry. He won’t be able to afford it. So, I will make it the death of one-hundred Philistines. He will die in the battle. My daughter won’t have to marry him because he will be dead.” Foolish. If God is for us, who can be against us? No one! His planned failed, of course. David defeated the Philistines, his daughter Michal loved David, David became more famous, and Saul’s anger grew.
To make matters worse, Saul’s son Jonathan became David’s best friend. Jonathan even knew that David would take the throne from him. Jonathan was joyful about his because he knew this was God’s will. He didn’t think that because he was a prince that he had a right to the throne, it was in God’s hand. This is in line with what Christ did for us in Philippians 2.5-11.

In chapter 19 Saul’s family intercedes for David and helps him escape from the evil Saul planned for David. David flees to Ramah (just north of Jerusalem) to spend time with Samuel. This is where David begins his career fleeing for his life from the hand of Saul. The end of chapter 19 is odd and gives evidence of the Spirit coming and going while not permanently indwelling in the Old Testament.

Are we willing to stand for God no matter the cost like David, Jonathan, and Michal? Or, like Saul, do we try to sway the situation in our favor where people will like us and applaud us? What is the measure of your success?

1 Samuel 17

This chapter is not only a commentary on David’s replacing Saul as the military leader it is also a comment on the army and on Saul. Saul and his army shrink in fear before Goliath. I don’t think it is a spoiler alert but David slays the giant in God’s strength for His glory.

Map of Israel before David was king. This map shows the place where David met Goliath.

It seems from verses 1-11 that the people of Israel forgot an important part of their existence; they are the people of God, making them the army of God, and making them invulnerable as long as they are working toward His purpose. God called them to rid the nation of Philistines. It seems they could not remember that God promised them the land and promised that He would be with them. Partly because of Saul and his rebellion against God, partly due to their preoccupying their mind with the circumstances of the day, and partly because they were listening to the taunts of their enemy and believing what he said. Goliath reminded them each day that he was a Philistine, who the Israelites were to drive out, and that statement is true. He then told them a lie. He told the Israelites that they belonged to Saul’s army, not God’s army. The lie was enveloped in the truth and the Israelites did not take every thought captive. In so doing, they believed the lie.

Our enemy does this to us as well. He will tell us truth. For example, you are a Christian. He then will tell the lie that we cannot be accepted by God because of sinful habits. The only way to get closer to God is by breaking those habits before we attempt to get closer. We believe the lie that is in the truth and are crushed in despair. The truth is you are a Christian (if you have accepted Him into your life). The truth is you sin (we all do). The truth is you have sinful habits. The lie comes when he tells you that you have to get better before God wants you to come to Him. We cannot get better outside of Him. It is He that we go to get better. This same scheme was used on Adam in the Garden and on Jesus in the Wilderness. One fell because he relied on his own word and the other overcame because He relied on God’s Word. We need to know the truth to be free. John 17 reminds us that God’s Word is Truth and John 14 informs us that Jesus is the Truth (the Word personified in John 1). Zechariah 3 presents this truth as Satan accuses Joshua, the High Priest, of not being acceptable to God. God then rebukes Satan with the truth. Are you accurately handling the word of truth (2 Timothy 2.15)?

Goliath asks for a man to do battle with him. There is no answer, merely an interlude on what David is doing. If you recall, David was anointed as king in 1 Samuel 16. This chapter is historically out of place to confirm that David, not Saul, is the true king of Israel. After this chapter, the troops and the citizenry of Israel hail David as greater than Saul, which produces the fugitive motif of the remaining chapters. David is the hero, and Saul is the zero. The latter seeks to destroy the former.

David is obedient to his father which is a godly character trait based on the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20). He does even the menial tasks his father asks him to do. He tends the sheep, plays for Saul, and takes lunches to three of his brothers. Where were the other four?

It is in this chapter we begin to see another character trait of David. He is full of passion that leads him to the heights of glory as he slays Goliath and the depths of corruption as he murders his best general because of his adultery. His passion for God’s glory is clear here. Each day for forty days Goliath taunts not just God’s army but God as well. David needs to do something about that. When God is being dishonored, do you step up and demand it stop, even preparing in your mind for battle? Have you already prepared your mind with words for such instances? You should. Peter commands us to be ready for times such as these (1 Peter 3.15).

A moment with Goliath. He is more than nine feet tall. His job is to battle other strongmen from other armies and to strike fear into the hearts of those who see him. He has four brothers (2 Samuel 21.18-21) which would explain the five stones and not one. He was ready to take out Goliaths’ entire family. He went ready.
We know the rest of the story. David asks permission to fight Goliath. He actually begs Saul for this privilege. He gives testimony of all God has done in and through him. David prepares to battle Goliath. Saul gives David his armor. David refuses because he does not know how to use them. He walks out with his sling and his stones. Goliath mocks not David because he is not a man and mocks God, again. David proclaims that his power is not in his sling nor in the stones. He states his power to defeat Goliath is in God; the God of Israel will defeat Goliath. This is where David did not believe the lie. He knew this was God’s army going in God’s strength, under God’s guidance, not Saul’s nor his. He killed Goliath. The Philistines did not surrender as promised. They ran away. David took the head of Goliath to Jerusalem. Legend has it that he buried it on a hill outside the city and this is where the name “Golgotha” or “Place of the Skull” came into being. This is also the place where Christ was crucified (Matthew 27.33).

A point of interest, in 2 Samuel 21.18-22 another Bethlehemite kills another Goliath of Gath. This could be one of the brothers of Goliath. The phrase states that David and his servants killed all them. I wonder if he carried the other four stones for such a time as that. After that moment, David sings a song of thanksgiving for God’s deliverance from them and other enemies (2 Samuel 22).

The Israelites chased the Philistines, killed them. David was brought before Saul. David submitted himself to Saul’s authority. This is another character trait of David that is evident in the remaining chapters of 1 Samuel.

David and Saul’s character are compared. One followed the truth, was obedient to the Word, was submissive to authority, the authority both of his father and of Saul, and was victorious. The other lived in fear of the lies he believed and was defeated. Who would you rather be like?

1 Samuel 5-7

Samuel begins his role as the spiritual leader of Israel in a context of war, defeat, and embarrassment as we saw these last two days.

The reading for today, chapters 5-7 offers a glimpse into the humor of God. In Deuteronomy 28.27 God speaks of ulcers or hemorrhoids as a plague for those from the nation of Israel who rebel against Him. Here it is a curse brought on by God against those who stood against Him. The Philistines were afflicted with hemorrhoids as long as they held onto the Ark. Chapter five shows the inability of man to understand the difference between a living God and a manmade idol (read Jeremiah 10). Their idol, Dagon-a fish, fell over the first night and they picked-up the statue and place it where it belonged. The next night, the idol fell and broke with its head and hands severed, they again replaced it. After this, fear spreads in Ashdod. They then shipped the Ark to varied Philistine cities. Wherever the Ark went, the plagues followed. The people lived in fear of what might happen yet held on to their idols.

What are we holding on to even though it is evident it is worthless and powerless to help and actually stunts our growth? Could it be an actual idol made of stone? Ideas? Beliefs about God that are not true? Beliefs about ourselves that are not accurate?

Chapter six tells us this went on for seven months. The spiritual leaders of the Philistines decide to send the Ark back home. They place the Ark on an ox cart and the Spirit leads the Ark back to Shiloh. They include items that represented the judgment on the cart too. Golden mice and hemorrhoids. Chapter five excludes the mice. It doesn’t mean that they were not there, it means that chapter five didn’t mention them. Each city makes a golden mouse and a hemorrhoid. Five of each were included with the Ark.

The Philistines knew the history of Israel in Egypt and realized how great Israel’s God is and they did not want to live under His judgment. They hedge their bets in this chapter. If the cows that were yoked to the cart went toward Israel then the judgment was from God, if not then chance happened. Chance is not a biblical word. God is in control of all things or else He is not God. What area of your life do you attribute to “chance” and are not giving God His sovereign due? How well do you know your spiritual heritage from the Scriptures and your family?

Back to the story, the cart and cows head straight to Israel, to the city of Beth-Shemesh. The priests in this city slaughtered the cows for sacrifice to the Lord that day and the Philistines returned home realizing that the God of Israel is truly powerful.

It seems internal strife raged as the inhabitants of Beth-Shemesh were slaughtered by the city of Kiriath-jearim. The Ark was placed in the latter city for 20 years. Israel mourned this even though the Ark was in an Israelite city with a Levite in charge of it.

Samuel is introduced in chapter seven as a judge. He is the last judge of Israel, as we will see in the next chapter. All his days were successful because he leaned on God for help in all situations. Not all was pleasant but all was successful because he was faithful to God (1 Corinthians 4.1–2). He judged/ruled as a circuit judge. Looking at a map, we see that these four cities are in an east-west position in central Israel (think Samaria) just above the Dead Sea and Jerusalem (see the map).

The name of the stone is interesting. It is “Ebenezer,” which means the “Stone of Help.” It also refers to the place from which we will not back down. Where in your life have you decided not to back down?

How have you shown yourself faithful? Remember, it is not accomplishing goals or achieving accolades, it is being faithful through good and bad times to what He has called you to accomplish.

Judges 19-21

Today it is my goal to finish Judges with another strange story. I wonder when people read the newspaper two-hundred years from now if it will sound like this.

The book of Judges ends with the logical conclusion to the way it began, that is disobedience, life without a ruler, doing what was right in their own eyes. The last two chapters presented personal idolatry becoming national idolatry. This also sounds like the State of the Union address last night. These next three chapters present another Levite, more civil unrest, and the close annihilation of a tribe. It all began with a family squabble with another family residing in Ephraim (Samaria). It seems as though this is the beginning of a horror movie. Read Judges 19.1-21 in light of that because what follows is horrific. This is what happens when man is left to himself.

The Levite’s concubine, think a wife here, leaves her husband and goes home to Bethlehem because of she was angry. He loves her, chases her, and desires to bring her back home. After some time with her family, they return home. Instead of staying the night in Jebus (later called Jerusalem) because it is populated by the Jebusites, they travel onto a safer city, one that is populated by Israelites.

They arrive in Gibeah, of the tribe of Benjamin. The people show no hospitality, which is a sin. Late into the evening an old man puts them up for the night. This is the setting.

The nation of Israel, at least this group of Benjamites, is practicing homosexuals and ones who wantonly rape male travelers. I will have to research this portion of the Old Testament a bit more because it is, on the surface, hard to explain. The men of the city attack the man’s house in order to rape the Levite. The man would have nothing to do with this. Instead, he offers his virgin daughter and the concubine for the men to rape. This also happened at Sodom and Gomorrah. The men did not want the women but clamored for the Levite. The Levite threw his concubine, think a slave here, to the men who abused her through the night so much so that she died in the morning.

The Levite carried her home, butchers her into twelve pieces, to represent the twelve tribes, and mailed a piece of her to each tribe with a threat.

Chapter 20 describes a sorrowful Israel bringing justice upon the Benjamites. The attempt was to discipline and purge the nation of the sin that was committed in Gibeah. God says to destroy such people from the nation of Israel. What would have happened if the church was living out what God had called her to live out during the last century? Would our nation be different? I believe so. We, the church, are at fault for not standing on God’s Word, doing what He has called us to do. I am not stating that we should have killed all homosexuals. I am stating that if we established orphanages, reached out to homeless, widows, impoverished (Matthew 24-25), that when the time of the sexual revolution began, the voice of the church would have been honored.

Back to Judges 20. Instead of punishing the men who committed the crime, the Benjamites thought it better to go to war against their brothers. Four hundred thousand men fighting against one tribe. Benjamin loses. During this horrific time, the other tribes kept going to God asking Him what to do. In order to discipline and purge, He commanded they keep fighting. Only six-hundred men survived.

Chapter 21 is the ultimate in dating. Since no one who fought could give wives to the surviving men, the tribe of Benjamin would no longer exist. One city did not fight. Because of this, they were to be killed (another item to research). Since they had four-hundred virgins there, these would survive and they could be given to the six-hundred Benjamites. Doing the math, there are two-hundred more men than women.

The plan was to send the remaining uncoupled men to Shiloh to “kidnap” a wife for themselves. This way the tribes would be blameless because they did not give the daughters to them. So, the Benjamites survived.

The telling verse is verse twenty-five: “In those days there was no king in Israel; all the people did what was right in their own eyes.” When I read this, I read the people did not desire God, so they did what they thought was right, which led to destruction.

There is a way that seems right to a man, but in the end it leads to destruction (Proverbs 14.12). What path is our nation, our family, yourself taking right now?

Tomorrow Ruth.

Joshua 13-17

Joshua 13-This is the second time we read that the Israelites did not utterly destroy a nation. I wonder what is going to become of those listed in verse 13 and how they will affect Israel?

It is better to read this with a map of the lands conquered by Joshua. This is a long list of places, towns, and people.

Joshua 13-This is the second time we read that the Israelites did not utterly destroy a nation. I wonder what is going to become of those listed in verse 13 and how they will affect Israel? The same question could be asked in 14.12, 15.63, 16.10, 17.13

Peter says that we are all priests, like the Levites (13.14, 33; 14.4). Does this mean we should not be concerned with our inheritance on this earth and that we should seek no possessions except the Lord Himself? If so, what does this state our values should be and are we focusing on those values which honor Him?

Joshua 14-Caleb is interesting. This passage shows us that it took five years from the crossing of the Jordan to the conquering of the land at this point. How do I infer this?

Joshua 15-I wonder if my daughter would go for the deal that Caleb set forth and Othniel took. Verse 63 states that Jerusalem could not be conquered. I wonder why God didn’t allow them to take it at this point but allowed David to establish it at a later date.

Joshua 17-The closing is interesting. Why did the tribes of Joseph get more and why did they receive the place they did in the manner God told them? Does God do that for us? Does He have more for us, but we need to ask and work harder for it?

No one was left out from the tribes of Israel. All that God called were blessed.

God continually gave to the Israelites according to His promises, not beyond what He spoke but beyond what they thought. How does that apply to how we should interpret Scripture?

I realize this was not as in-depth as the earlier ones but I do get lazy at times when lists are involved even though I have found some great treasures in lists.

Have a blessed day and possess the promises God has made to us.